Assess Whether Religious Experience Demonstrates the Existence of God Essay

apparitional experience can be cut into different varieties. Alvin Plantinga signald that everyday experiences such as the sun go should pay off as a spectral experience as the sun rising is so inspirational and conjures up apparitional belief out of awe. some would urge that miracles or extra routine occurrences argon proof of paragons existence. If iodin was to view a man turning peeing into drink angiotensin converting enzyme would serve it as spectacular and possible cause phantasmal belief. Both miracles and everyday occurrences argon public experiences as they can be witnessed by any superstar however in that respect are more private/ in-personised apparitional experiences. Dreams and visions, such as St. Paul on the road to capital of Syria (where he heard the voice of savior), plainly apply to the person visualising them. These are besides utilize as spectral experiences if you heard the voice of Jesus it would simply be deemed a religious event. There is to a fault the on-going olfactory propertying that theology is most you, he is guiding you through life, and this over again is indescribable and rational apology for the theist as it connects to the thought process of perfections omnipresence. Finally in that location are besides mystic experience as William James explained them these are ineffable (can non be intrust into words) transient (very intense experience but not needfully a long experience, the effects however can last a lifetime) nonoperational (cannot be controlled by the recipient) experiences that are simply indescribable. Rudolf Otto described mystical experiences as numinous this is the feeling of awe and wonder when confronted with the divinity that is theology numinous experiences are 1 of terrifying and compelling mystery. Should religious experiences be the hind end of paragons existence or are they simply chimerical events that are coreless.David Hume and A.J. Ayer are closely en duren empiricists. They would argue that unless something empirically corroborate it should not be deemed meaningful so if I was to actualize paragon that should be gain vigorn as meaningful as it is empirically verified. If I were to see a cat walking across a street I would think to myself that is a cat, no doubt would enter my idea I would simply establish that a cat was walking across a street. When one sees/experiences matinee idol why the same demeanor of logic should not be applied is ridiculous. If I were to see idol I would think that is beau ideal no questions asked. Visions of matinee idol and miracles are empirically verifiable religious experiences, Hume and Ayer cannot dismiss these as that would be contradictory to their well established beliefs, thus empirically verified religious experiences can be use a sufficient justification for Gods existence. The doubters take back to this argument is how can we trust our empirical regularitys of justification.On e could be hallucinating, the only causal agent St. Paul saw God was because he was deprived of water and had social pressures from the rising Christian religion. A.J. Ayer whole toned that a straight bunk appears bent in water, if our senses can deceive us once they bequeath deceive us again, we cannot trust empirical evidence hence it cannot be used as justification for a religious experience and unimpeachably cannot be used to unfreeze Gods existence. Also what if the way out of supposed religious experience has taken some sort of mind altering drug surely then empirical evidence cannot be used to justify any sort of vision. Finally the sceptic would note that a religious experience is not an ordinary experience, one sees trees everyday but experiencing God is quite different. As philosophers we m greyiness view these extraordinary experiences differently and be more analytical into the causes (such as looking at the recipient of the experience).In Brian Davies book An In troduction to the philosophy of Religion he highlights that to reject empirical evidence without any study reason to doubt is simply absurd. He posits that if one is of sound mind, has nigh eyesight and is of reasonable in reciteigence unless then in that respect isnt sincerely any reason to doubt yourself, we use empirical evidence to gravel everyday assertions therefore it should be no different when seeing God, He also highlights that if it is possible to hallucinate it is also possible to see correctly, although this sounds very basic it does reject the argument from illusion (used by closely sceptics to doubt sense data).Sure we can see things that arent authentically there but most of the time we are not hallucinating. Brian Davies also uses the example of a man called Fred. He states that Fred is as mad as a hatter and as drunk as a noble Fred also regularly hallucinates and because of this not many commonwealth listen to what he has to say. Despite Fred perpetual head games it is not right to say that everything he says is wrong, sometimes he could be telling the faithfulness. Davies concludes that the item that some community are prone to get things wrong is not a sufficient reason for new(prenominal)s to suppose that they always get things wrongBehold the Lord our God has shown us his glory and greatness, and we have his voice we have this day seen God speak with man and man still live This was taken from the experienced Testaments book of Deuteronomy. Religious experience is not a contemporary miracle but one of great age, we all believe in gravity yet this has only been apparent for 300 years, yet something that has been around for millenniums is still questioned. These sightings of God have been continuous since early Christianity and Judaism before that. This is not an argument about the verifiability of religious experience but simply highlights the possibleness of experiencing God and also its importance in justifying the exis tence of God. This is the argument of basin Baillie he argued that religious experience is not just justification for Gods existence but the ultimate justification. Sceptics would reply how do you know it is God? How do you know you did not simply see and old man with a beard?Unless you have seen God before you do not know what he/she looks like. Some would argue that you need an concord method of identifying God, if no such method has been agreed then you cannot rightfully say you have seen God. Also if God is transcendent of humans and surpasses them in every way then surely we cannot relate to him/her. We dont even know if God is a physical entity to be seen. Brian Davies reaction to the sceptics argument is notwithstanding not having an identification method that is inconsequential, something whitethorn be the case even though it does not line up to the testing method, someone can still be intelligent despite getting a U in all their exams.A religious experience can still b e justification for Gods existence despite not being satisfying any a priori testing method. John Hick presented the argument that our interpretations of events all differ. This dismisses the sceptics consume that there should be some sort of testing method about justifying religious experience. A person may claim to have seen God where as other might argue they have seen the devil, as both are basing this experience on a personalised a priori perception of God/Devil it means that if these predetermined perceptions are different they are limpidly going to disagree. William James argued that religious experience is extremely personal therefore it means different things to different people.Richard Swinburne and William Alston put forward the argument from credulity. Swinburne argued that if one has seen God one has sufficient justification to believe in God. Unless there is something manipulating this experience there is no reason to doubt a religious experience. Until your religi ous experience is disproven (through suspicion of evidence such as one was on drugs) then it can and should be used as justification for Gods existence. William Alston proclaimed a similar argument to Swinburnes arguments from credulity. He said people sometimes do perceive God and thereby acquire justified beliefs about God. He in addition believed that religious experience can be used a justification for Gods existence.He said justification about God is prima facie this means one is justified in supposing unless there are strong enough reasons to the contrary. Both argued the religious experience should be costless until proven guilty. A sceptics retort to Alston and Swinburne would be one should always doubt. Like mentioned earlier one could be subject to hallucination, we could be seeing God when he/she is not really there, you could be of natural sound mind however you have a random hallucination due to water release meaning you see God. How can we rightfully know that our subconscious is not malicious concocting mad religious visions? This is why the sceptic would always argue that we should always be doubtful they argue that religious experiences are not indubitable.Richard Swinburne not only proposed arguments from credulity but also arguments from testimony. Swinburne stated that unless you have sufficient reasons to doubt someone claim of religious experience you should consider it true, if a person states they have seen God you have and you have no reason not to believe them you should consider their experience as true. Brian Davies gives the example of a group of explorers who see a cat in the Amazon rainforest they go home and tell their explorer buddies they saw a cat in the Amazon rainforest. If a second group of explorers go to the Amazon rainforest and do not see a cat, does that mean the first group were wrong?Of of course not Swinburne would argue you should believe the first group of explorers are there is no reason to doubt their wor d. The sceptics reply would be why trust the explorers? There could be social/professional pressures meaning they lied about seeing a cat because they thought it would be beneficial or because they felt pressurised by the group around them, also there could be irregularities with their testimony, maybe all cats in the world are extinct so seeing a cat is very unlikely, or what if one of the explorers said they saw a black cat and another thought they saw a ginger cat.Brain Davies responds to this by noting that people interpret things in different ways (an argument used by the sceptics), two people may see a red Ferrari one may argue that it is an ugly elevator car where as the other could argue it is a beautiful piece of machinery, they have both seen a car yet have different views/interpretations of what they have seen. So two people may both have seen God however one may think it was God the other might think it was the Devil. Therefore to say there are problems with a testimony because of different interpretations is absurd because the fact is God was there. One can perceive God in as many ways as they want it does not matter the only thing that matters is God was there.Religious experience can be used for religious conversion and religious belief but not necessarily for the existence of God. If one believes they have seen God and as a impression of this vision they believe in the existence of God that is fine, but that doesnt necessarily mean God exists from a philosophical perspective. As the sceptic would regularly point out there are many other factors that may have influenced the subject who viewed God (such a water deprivation or drug consumption) however on an ordinary basis I feel that a vision of God or some signifier of numinous experience is sufficient justification for the existence of God and religious belief. On an ordinary take religious experience can justify the existence of God but on a philosophical level it cannot, one cannot claim religious experience to be an objective truth in philosophy, but in ordinary life it is a personal matter and provides justification for Gods existence on a personal level.This is similar to what William James said in his work Varieties of Religious Experience he believed that religious experience was a very personal matter and is impossible to verbalise but can be used as self justification for Gods existence. He also stated that philosophy is useless in trying to prove a religion true but can show up obvious errors. One must also note that Swinburne, Alston and Davies arguments are not really proving the credibility of religious experience but simply defending it against sceptics attack. Personally I feel this is fine, why should the recipient of a religious experiences have to prove themselves, however I do feel some of Swinburnes and Davies arguments to defend religious experience are not sufficient. To conclude I feel the sceptics are right in dismissing religious experience on a philosophical level, but as many previous philosophers have highlighted (such as G.E.Moore) scepticism cannot be applied to ordinary life.