Evaluation For Medical Treatment For Transgender People

Introduction Although, an increased number of transgender people are seeking psychotherapy, not many therapists are finding themselves in the role of assessor for medically necessary gender realignment procedures (Budge, 2015). There is a guideline for medical treatment for transgender population and that the document has been widely adopted by major medical insurance companies in the United States (e.g., Atena, BlueCrossBrueShield, Cigna, and UnitedHealthcare) if such procedures are covered in the individual plan. Due to more transgender people seeking psychotherapy, it is important that clinicians are aware of this population’s unique needs and experiences. Moreover, the clinicians need to be aware that they may need to serve as assessor for the client’s eligibility and readiness for medical procedures. There is a risk that the assessment and treatment process to become another place for the transgender clients to experience negative judgement, stigmatization, discrim ination, and rejection. The risk would increase when the mental health provider has a limited training and comprehension of this population (see Coolhart, Provancher, Hager, Wang, 2008). Preoperative psychological health is critical in postoperative adjustment and satisfaction. After all, the primary aim of medical procedures is to enhance mental well-being and self-fulfillment of the individual (De Cuypere Vercruysse, 2009). Therefore, the mental health providers who involve in the process of genderShow MoreRelatedGender And Gender Roles Have Work For Centuries986 Words   |  4 PagesTo many people, gender, or a persons sexual orientation, is something that should not be changed, and if one does attempt to change your gender by a surgical procedure, it is believed to be wrong. 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According to the Oxford Dictionary, gender means â€Å"the state of being male or female.† Being a male is defined as â€Å"the sex that produces small, typically motile gametes, especially spermatoea, with which a female may be fertilized or inseminated to produce offspring,† and female is defined as â€Å"theRead More Treatment of Transgender Prisoners Essay2733 Words   |  11 Pages Transgender people in today’s society have it hard enough; going to prison is even harder due to the risks associated to someone who is transgendered. People who are transgendered risk their health and well-being while being locked up in prison. They face a variety of issues while they are incarcerated such as housing, physical, emotional abuse and most of all denial to their basic medical needs that helps express who they are through their gender. 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However, for children who are sexual minorities this can be a confusing time developmentally. â€Å"Children with transgender identities often live their lives in a gender role that is clearly defined, albeit in the opposite role of their biological sex [†¦ and] not every person who explores gender in childhood will later identify as transgender† (Janssen Erickson-Schroth, 2 013, p. 995, 996). How can children express their gender identity when they are not completely developmentallyRead MoreThe Social Work Profession Within The United States Military2257 Words   |  10 Pageswho are transgender--everyone should be afforded the same respect and rights that all citizens are entitled to--this includes the right to serve openly in the United States military. 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HIV/AIDS is not itself a disease, but it decrease the power of immunity in the human body which will decrease the resistance capacity of the body to fight the disease. It is the fluidRead MoreHow Does Telepsychology Help Increase The Patient Or Client s Access For Psychological Services?1303 Words   |  6 Pagespatient or client’s access to the psychological services they may need without being face-to-face with the actual doctor. Patients who are limited by their geographic location, medical condition, and psychiatric state can benefit from utilizing the electronic service methods in order to gain access to higher quality medical or mental assistance (Maheu, McMenamin, Posen, Pulier, 2012). New methods such as online psychoeducation and videoconferenc ing therapy are not only convenient to the patient

Comparing Cultural Gender Roles Essay - 1989 Words

Gender and the ways gender is portrayed in society varies from culture to culture. Gender roles have changed drastically, especially during the 20th century and continue to evolve to this day. For years now there have been preconceived notions about genders and the roles each one should play in society, home, workplace, etc. Most times gender roles are associated with stereotypes and previous gender roles. Gender role plays different parts in religion, culture, society, time periods, countries, etc. Women rights and power varies in time and location and it is very interesting to look at the events, cultures, and customs that were taking place in that particular time period to get a better idea of the gender role concept. During my†¦show more content†¦This is quite a simple concept of giving equal opportunities to all qualified applicants despite gender, race, religion etc. but it is the way its said that makes it powerful. A person should be hired on the basis of abi lity and production rather than gender or race. I was not aware that women had used the Civil Rights Act to gain some equality and opportunities, such as hiring processes (men and women treated equally), and also women’s ability to move up and be promoted. We also saw the categorical requirements, such as height and weight, removed. Once women were inside the workplace they faced a new set of problems, sexual harassment, poor treatment and no accommodations for pregnancy. Women being encouraged or even forced to wear provocative clothing, being sexually harassed and being on the end of lewd jokes was another obstacle women had to overcome. I believe this is where popular culture comes into play more than anything. If all ideas about women in the workplace stem from a time period where they were discriminated against and looked at to be lesser than men, then once they arrive in the workplace they will most likely not be treated fairly. It must have been tough for the pi oneers of women in the workforce having to deal with all these obstacles. Pre-existing thoughts, viewpoints, ideas and assumptions based on popular culture made it that much more difficult for women to break down the barrier in the workplace. ForShow MoreRelatedRacial Differences Of Sexual Prejudice And Its Correlation831 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresentationally of the general population! Furthermore, current research has failed to investigate the effects of cultural beliefs and values on an individual’s prejudices. With the increasing numbers of hate crime being committed, it is the author’s opinion current theories on sexual orientation based prejudice fail to address the numerous issues, lacks information, and fails to account for cultural diversities that exit in the United States today. 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HIV Transmission Prevention Essay Example For Students

HIV Transmission Prevention Essay The percentage of HIV transmission from mother to child can be prevented in a number of ways. I. The AZT treatment is one way to prevent HIV. A. AZT is a drug that decreases mother to child transmission of HIV. B. AZT is given to the HIV positive mother throughout her pregnancy. II. HIV can be contracted through breast-feeding. A. There is a 14% chance of transmission of HIV from mother to child through breast-feeding. B. There are alternatives to breast-feeding, such as formula and a milk bank. 1. Alternatives to breast-feeding have their bad sides. 2. Breast-feeding can be made safer. III. HIV testing in pregnant women can lower HIV transmission from mother to child. A. HIV testing in pregnant women is a good idea. 1. Mother who knows their HIV status can make informed choices about their pregnancy. 2. Voluntary HIV testing in pregnant women has a very low success rate. 3. Women are scared of the test results. 4. Prenatal HIV testing is less costly than treating the mother and the child for HIV. B. Mandatory testing for HIV in pregnant women also has its down sides. 1. Women could be scared away from the health care system. 2. Tests may not be confidential. Preventing HIV Transmission from Mother to Child In 1993, approximately 7,000 HIV-infected women gave birth in the United States. Of those newborns, 1,000 to 2,000 are infected with HIV-now the seventh leading cause of death in children aged 1 to 4 (Gordon and Hooker). HIV in children is becoming more and more widespread and there is still no cure for it. The most common way children contract HIV is through their mother. The percentage of HIV transmission from mother to child can be prevented in a number of ways. One of the ways HIV transmission from mother to child can be prevented is through AZT treatment. AZT is a drug that is given to HIV positive mothers, which can decrease mother to child transmission by 67.5 percent (Gordon and Hooker). The mother is given five doses of AZT a day for the last six months of her pregnancy and then four doses during labor and an AZT syrup is given to the newborn for six weeks after birth (Gordon and Hooker). AZT is the only drug approved for preventing HIV transmission from mother to child (Women and HIV 10). Mothers choosing to not breast-feed their children can also prevent HIV transmission. The chance that a newborn can contract HIV from their mothers breast milk is up to 14 percent (Kent). In October 1995 the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations FDA consumer magazine said Women who are HIV positive should not breast-feed (Kent). Even though the percentage of mother to child transmission through breast milk is low, there is still that small chance and any chance that a child could contract HIV is too much. There are alternatives to breast-feeding such as formula or using breast milk from a milk bank (Kent). Though these alternatives are better than taking the chance of transmitting HIV to a child, they too have their bad sides. The use of formula, for example, poses a risk of the newborn getting diarrhea and other life threatening diseases (Kent). Breast milk can be heated to lessen the chances of the child contracting HIV, but there is still that small yet deadly chance. HIV testing in pregnant women could also help stop the transmission of HIV from mother to child. With a mothers knowledge of HIV status she could be counseled appropriately so she could choose whether of not to go on with the pregnancy, fully aware of the risks HIV could pose on her child (Gostin 65). If a mother is unaware that she has HIV the baby is denied the opportunity to get treatment. .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd , .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd .postImageUrl , .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd , .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd:hover , .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd:visited , .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd:active { border:0!important; } .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd:active , .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4537cbf493455256de985e453fd30fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher Columbus Essay Its killing kids who dont have to die (Gordon and Hooker). At this time HIV testing in pregnant women is voluntary and has a very low success rate. Women wont take the HIV test because they refuse to believe that they are at risk and they are scared of the results (Gordon and Hooker). Making HIV testing mandatory in pregnant women could save a lot of childrens lives. Most HIV infected children dont make it to the age of 4 and the rest will fdie before their teens (Gordon and Hooker). Mandatory HIV testing and AZT treatment is also less costly for the Health Care System then treating a mother and her child for HIV for the .

Oli Analysis for Disney Into China free essay sample

Under the  Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the signatory states are required to provide copyright protection for a minimum term of the life of the author plus fifty years, but they are permitted to provide for a longer term of protection. (The  United States  did not become a Berne signatory until 1988, but had previously provided for the minimum copyright term the convention required in the  Copyright Act of 1976. ) The Walt Disney Company created numerous classical animation images which all enjoy copyrights. In other words, Ownership advantage relating to the possession and exploitation of monopoly power,which undoubtedly created an entry barrier. B)resourceamp;capability Pixar Animation Studiosa subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, is an American  computer animation  film studio  based in California. The studio is best known for its  CGI(Computer Graphics Interface)-animated feature films. Pixar has produced  thirteen feature films, beginning with  Toy Story  (1995). We will write a custom essay sample on Oli Analysis for Disney Into China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was followed by  A Bugs Life  (1998),  Toy Story 2(1999),  Monsters. Inc. 2001),  FindingNemo  (2003),  The Incredibles  (2004),  Cars(2006),  Ratatouille  (2007),  WALL-E(2008),  Up  (2009),  Toy Story 3  (2010),  Cars 2  (2011), and  Brave (2012). Twelve of the films have received both critical and financial success. The sudio has earned 27  Academy Award,seven  Golden Globe Awards, and eleven  Grammy Awards,among many  other awards and acknowledgments. In other words,ownership advantage relating to the possession of scarce,unique and sustainable resources and capabilities, which helped Disney to attain market power and cost advantage. One of the major risks of joint ventures is the probability of a partner stealing the other’s capabilities in order to later compete on its own. Nonetheless, Disney’s resources and capabilities are so rare and inimitable that this risk should not be reason enough for considering other options. In other words, technology risk is almost non-existent for Disney, since other companies might copy the rides, but they will never be able to copy the Disney experience, which is attributed to its resourceamp; capability. 2,The human resource is another key ownership advantage of Disney. ecruiting the right and instilling in them Disney culture an essential part of building a unified workforce. â€Å"we hire for attitude, not aptitude. † Disney recruits, selects, and trains everyone who works with the company in the same way—whether cast members or third-party employees. Disney uses its unique corporate culture to unite all workers in a common goal: to help the guest . Competencies of managers Disney cast members aren’t just hired for a job; they play a role in the â€Å"show. † Every aspect of the casting (hiring) process is a presentation of the Disney culture. In essence, Disney begins the training process even before a new cast member is hired. For example,the whimsy of the casting building is designed to ease the minds of anxious applicants, while communicating the rich Disney heritage. Early in the process, candidates can view a film depicting what it is like to work at Disney. The film also communicates conditions of employment. After viewing it, a small percentage of candidates self-select out of the process. This is a good thing, since those candidates might not be â€Å"right fit† for the culture—and Disney might not be right-fit for them. This process not only saves time and money, but it leaves the applicants feeling good about themselves and Disney company. During the interview process, casting professionals will base the hiring decision on work experience, personality and educational background. By the time they go through their interview, candidates will have a basic picture of the Disney’s culture and expectations. Disney shows their employees how their efforts affect the overall resident experience—even if they don’t interact with residents directly. When the staff sees the big picture, they also see how vital their roles are in the business. Teaching employees how they fit into Disney’s overall operation and demonstrating how their role contributes to Disney facility’s overarching goal breeds unity and solidifies the corporate culture. At Walt Disney World ® Resort alone, there are over 2,000 job classifications, but everyone understands the goal and operates on the same page. Disney trains every cast member in the same way, no matter what job, and goes to great lengths to ensure that cast members understand the company’s heritage and purpose. This helps them feel connected to the company, and to their jobs. Disney has a Center for Excellence which is geared to help cast members succeed in their role of delivering exceptional quality service. In addition, Centers for Excellence serve as local learning sites that offer a variety of technical, job skill, and interpersonal training courses which cast members can take online free of charge. The end result is a team of cast members that is equally skilled and guest-focused. Training is reinforced through ongoing efforts, such as mentoring, continuing education, and leadership training, contributing greatly to a culture of excellence. Location advantage As global as possible,as local as necessary. First,In the case of Disney, it is a horizontal FDI, thus it may be profitable for Disney to be close to their consumers. The reasons are as follows: – the existence of trade barriers in the form of tariff quotas, transport costs etc. – on-site provision of the services is an inherent part of the Disney’ business (e. g. recreation facilities) Second, production costs is lower in Hong Kong, the reasons are as follows: – lower wages in developing countries(In Hong Kong Disneyland case, there is cheap labor force flow from Eastern coastal provinces) – better infrastructure and close ties to external input suppliers from mainland China. Third, demand related variables (market potential) China has the world’s largest population and one of the fastest growing economies, which makes it an extremely attractive market for Disney. Disney’s animated characters are popular throughout the country; Mickey Mouse Magazine is the number one children’s magazine in China. According to the statistic in Chinese government, The population under 15 years old child is around 221,640,000 in 2011, which means there is a large market potential in China. (In 2005, it’s a major milestone in their approach to China, with the successful grand opening of Hong Kong Disneyland. This phenomenal new theme park introduces Disney to a broad new audience. ) In theory Disney should be capable of running the park by itself, but the power and influence of the Chinese government is so high that a joint venture seems to be the less risky option . Asia is a complicated market and it usually pays to not only have the government on your side, but to have it as a major investor. It also benefits the venture to have a local partner with deep knowledge of traditions and customs. Thus, from an institutional and cultural point of view the selection of a joint venture was justified. Internalization advantage For Disney, In-house production is more profitable than outsourcing, licensing, etc. The reasons are as follows: – Contractual imperfections induce Disney to exploit its ownership advantage internally rather than licensing its product/process to a third party. To capture coordinating

Against Cloning Essays - Cloning, Human Cloning, Dolly,

Against Cloning Against Cloning Genesis 11:1-9 records the sad story of the building of the tower of Babel. That project stands out as the first chapter in a story that continues to this day, and includes many similar kind of undertakings. As technology and ability increase so does man's ability to do things that are ultimately not in his best interest. The first objection is that cloning is not wise. Wisdom is knowing the end of a matter from the beginning. Proverbs 14:15 tells us The naive believes everything, But the sensible man considers his steps. It is sensible or prudent to think carefully about the path we are walking, and where it will lead us. Proverbs 22:3 reminds us A prudent man foresees evil and hides himself, But the simple pass on and are punished. We want to be the kind of people who are actively looking out for evil before we are involved in it so deeply that escaping it is hard and painful. In Luke 14:28ff Jesus urges this same kind of thinking we He talks about counting costs. In that context He is urging us to count the cost of serving Him, but the principle applies to all of life: we should count the cost before we do something, before we embark on a project. We are at the place where wisdom says we need to stop for several reasons. First, no one really knows how it worked, if it will work again, or exactly why it worked. For certain, we know what they did, we know the procedure. But Roslin scientists have said the cloning was the result of much hit-and-miss experimentation and needs to be refined through further research. Second, no one knows if the procedure is safe. To top it all off, we have no idea where this will lead. The possibilities and problems that could come from human cloning have not been thoroughly mapped out by any means. Interestingly, very little is said about potential good this could bring. No one is saying If we can clone humans we can cure cancer. Science doesn't seem to be asking Should we only Can we? Yet everyone admits the potential for evil is infinitely greaterthan any good that might come of it. Think of some of the complications that may arise. What will we do with bad copies -- malformed babies who are the results of failed cloning experiments? The mind reels with the possibilities for sin and iniquity that human cloning presents. Cloning is just not wise. The folks at Babel ought to have asked Should we? before asking Can we? Are we wise enough to do better than they? The truth is that cloning is an attempt to control and choose who will be born. It is highly doubtful that we have the wisdom, moral sense, or moral fiber necessary to make good choices in that area. We lack the wisdom to develop cloning properly, use it, or understand it. Why should we continue down such a path? How wise is it to board a train going where we don't know, and traveling on untested tracks? The second objection to human cloning is that it can be outright sinful. This is true for several reasons. First, cloning results in abortions. Cloning is a complicated procedure that often does not work, so many, many cloned embryos must be made. In the Dolly experiment there were 277 cell fusions, resulting in 29 that began to grow and were implanted, 13 sheep became pregnant, but finally only 1 lamb. As one ethicist said, It took 277 trials and errors to produce Dolly the sheep, creating a cellular body count that would look like sheer carnage if the cells were human. While toying with (and destroying) sheep embryos is not troubling to anyone what if that were done with human embryos? This is not an article on abortion, but we must advance the principle here that life begins at conception (see Psalm 139:13-16; Jer. 1:5). It is not right for scientists to murder hundreds of lives (that is what embryos are) in their scientific experiments! The means is not ethical. Further, cloning could be used to have a child outside

Being True To Oneself In The Scarlet Letter essays

Being True To Oneself In The Scarlet Letter essays Being True To Oneself In The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter, a novel that takes place in a New England colony, depicts a lady named Hester Prynne who is being punished for committing adultery by wearing a scarlet A on her chest. Hester and her daughter, Pearl, live with disgrace and mocking from the colonists. Reverend Dimmesdale, Pearls father, is also being tortured by his deceptive friend, Doctor Roger Chillingworth, who is Hesters husband. There are many instances of characters not being their true selves. Not being true to ones self causes unhappy consequences. Reverend Dimmesdale suffers for not being his true self. The governor chooses Reverend Dimmesdale to be the judge of Hester. This shows that the people think he is righteous enough to judge her, even though he is just as guilty. Hester takes the blame, but Dimmesdale does not because he is a coward. Reverend Dimmesdale stops being true to himself, and puts on a facade for the colonists so he will not ruin his reputation or lose his job. The only person that Reverend Dimmesdale can show his true self to is Hester. In the darkness of the forest or in the shadows of the night he can be his true self. In the light and brightness of the day he acts as the beloved, respected reverend. He hides his secret for so long that he goes crazy and starts to punish and torture himself. He even carves an A into his chest. He is very unhappy because he knows living a lie is wrong. When he finally reveals himself he dies of shame. Mr. Chillingworth gives up his happiness by hiding his true self. It starts when he decides to not let anyone know that he is Hesters husband. He lives a lie, which makes him unhappy. Chillingworth has to keep this secret and also make sure Hester keeps it a secret. Mr. Chillingworth devotes his life to getting revenge on Reverend Dimmesdale. Chillingworth ...

Antibiotic resistance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Antibiotic resistance - Research Paper Example In other words, it is "resistance of a microorganism to an antimicrobial medicine to which it was previously sensitive" (WHO, 2011). According to WHO (2011), more than 440,000 new cases of multidrug resistant tuberculosis emerge every year, resulting significant morbidity and mortality (David et al, 2008). To date, antibiotic resistance has been reported in more than 64 countries (WHO, 2011). Antibiotic resistance occurs due to genetic alteration of the organism and transferring of the altered genes between the organisms. The transfer can occur through transduction, conjugation or transformation. Antibiotic resistance is a major public health challenge globally because; resistant microorganisms fail to respond to medical therapy and result in prolonged illness and sometimes death. It hampers the control of infectious diseases. According to WHO (2011), "many infectious diseases risk becoming uncontrollable and could derail the progress made towards reaching the targets of the health-r elated United Nations Millennium Development Goals set for 2015. " Other than these, antibiotic resistance also contributes to increased cost to health care and jeopardizes various health gains to the society. In this research article, various strategies to prevent emergence of antibiotic resistance will be discussed through review of suitable literature. The article will also discuss about causes and mechanism of antibiotic resistance and consequences of antibiotic resistance. Literature review According to Williams and Sefton (1999), prevention of antibiotics resistance consists of mainly 2 parts, one is prevention of acquisition of strains that are antibiotics resistent and interruption of the various mechanisms by which antibiotic resistant organisms can spread from person to person. Antibiotic resistance mainly occurs due to use of antibiotics both in humans and animals. The greater the duration of exposure of the antibiotic, the greater is the risk of development of resistance to that particular antibiotic. The resistance occurs irrespective of the severity of the need to administer antibiotics. Thus antibiotic resistance is a major problems for clinicians. Antibiotics are often used for rearing animals for consumption purpose and this is a significant cause for antibiotic resistance. As far as use in humans is concerned, these drugs are administered to patients for both necessary and unnecessary causes and this contributes to drug resistance. In several countries, antibiotics are available over the counter and patients use them without medical advice. According to Costelloe et al (2010), even one single dose of antibiotic can contribute to resistance to that antibiotic upto one year. Arnols and Straus (2005) opined that inappropriate antibiotic prescription is the most common cause of antibiotic resistance and this can occur when the patient insists on antibiotics, when the physician prescribes antibiotics either for caution against medical legal issues , or because he has not time to explain why antibiotics must not be administered or the physician prescribes the antibiotics because of poor judgement regarding the cause of infection. According to a study by McNulty et al (2007), 33 percent of individuals feel that antibiotics have treated their common cold effectively. With such ignorance both from public and professional side, erratic prescription and intake of antibiotics

Other topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Other topic - Essay Example There are a small number of qualitative researchers who will argue against this objectivity theory. Many academic disciplines contain qualitative research including sociology, psychology, anthropology and biology. Some disciplines had sulk behind in using qualitative research such disciplines are psychology and education but have been accepted recently as a genuine research method (Leedy & Ormrod 2013). A qualitative study can helps define what is important a good example being the field of medicine. I learnt something new from this chapter. I came to understand that during the initial stage of conducting a research scientist Look at the nature of the research problem and planning in qualitative research developing general research problems and only ask general questions about the problem in study. However, as the study continues it provides more understanding of the phenomena under study and makes it easy to ask more specific questions (Leedy & Ormrod 2013). The difficulty of finding out what methods will be used in the study is brought by the use of open ended questions at the start of an investigation. This means that a qualitative researcher should select general approach suitable for their purpose. Here the methodology may continue to evolve over the course of the study, despite this change considerable preparation and planning is required. A qualitative researcher must be well trained in interview strategies, observation techniques and any other data collection methods. Qu alitative research is not the best approach if you are looking to collect quick results and simple answers because it is time consuming. I also learnt that when choosing the method of study to be used is quantitative or qualitative depending on the nature of the data to be collected. I also leant depending on the method chosen, one can decide on the most appropriate method of analyzing and evaluating data to get the best results. After studying the five potential research projects

WalMart and Target Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

WalMart and Target - Essay Example So when WalMart enters local market it meets little competition. The opposite of cheap WalMart is an "elite" or high rate Target chain. Further I will compare these two retail companies in terms of general companies' achievements, level of services and the last point - prices. Wal-Mart entered retail market in 1962 in Rogers, Ark. Through the next eight years company incorporated and went on public on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1971 Wal-Mart set sales record for retail sales - 1 billion in sales per year. Up to 1991 Wal-Mart continued expansion on the American retail market: Sam's Club philosophy was developed and first mega stores were opened. And in 1991 Wal-Mart shifted to the international retail market, starting with retail center in Mexico City. According to the official press release of Wal-Mart, it is today the largest retail sales chain in the whole world with turnover around $285.2 billion in sales. The company employs 1.6 million associates worldwide through more than 3,600 facilities in the United States and more than 1,570 units in Mexico, Puerto Rico, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, China, Korea, Germany and the United Kingdom. More than 138 million customers per week visit Wal-Mart stores worldwide. (http://www.walmartfacts.com/newsdesk/wal-mart-fact-sheets.aspx) As well as Wal-Mart, Target appeared on the re... In 1979 Target gained position of the Company's revenue top producer, in 1982 revenue reached - 5 billion USD. In 2000 Dayton Hudson Corporation changed its name to Target Corporation. According to Target Corporation annual report the Company had 45 billion dollars in sales. The company employs 0, 87 million associates in the United States and has 1308 trading facilities. More than 60 million customers visit Target stores weekly. (http://www.targetcorp.com/targetcorp_group/investor-relations/annual_report.jhtml) Level of Services Level of services is defined by three major factors: purchasing conditions, employees, cleanliness. When purchasing clothing and other products of the same group one has to choose style, quality, price and the like, plus the comfort and ease of shopping. On the psychological level people prefer elegance, a feel of free time and space. The service of Target permits this plus it provides the cleanliness around, which ensure satisfaction of a customer. Your comfort zone is satiated. Thus you make better purchasing decisions without that compelling urge to postponing a purchase. WalMart in-store atmosphere creates feeling of rush, it has no space for inner world of a customer. Of course prices in WaMart are lower but a customer has little time for choice as other customers are rushing trough store looking for a bargain. Even brand new WalMarts often looks dingy and dirty. Very few Target stores give off the "dirty" feel a customer has walking around a Walmart. Employees attitude to the customers are in very close dependence to the conditions created by the companies. In our situation Target employees are more friendly and attentive than in WalMart. Prices. A price comparative

The link between Social Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties

The link between Social Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties There is a continuous interest in the emerging body of literature to investigating the link between social, emotional and behaviour difficulties (SEBD) and speech, language and communication difficulties (SLCN). SEBD in children with SLCN is determined as a concern area of enquiry in recent years. The literature covers Education, Health and Social Disadvantage as its three major perspectives. This essay centers on primary school children with SEBD and SLCN, from an education perspective and it covers certain facts, co morbidities, and the causes from the literature in understanding the link between SEBD and SLCN. Finally, it highlights the need for further study (on this topic) by diverse professionals. history The word Social has been introduced to Emotional, Behavioural difficulties (EBD) in the year 1998. Nevertheless, children experiencing SEBD are considered with Special Educational Needs (SEN) by the Code of Practice, (2001). Social, Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (SEBD): refers to the three potential areas of developmental difficulty of a child: to understand, express, engage and acknowledge in a given context. Speech Language and Communication Needs (SLCN): refer mainly to Expressive (use of words and sentences, vocabulary and grammar broadly), Receptive (understanding the language and processing the information) and Pragmatic ( usage of language in a social context) language difficulties. Population study of children with SEBD and Communication Difficulties Nearly 71% of the children with SEBD are identified of having communication difficulties (Benner et al 2002). These studies were based on 26 papers on the link between SEBD and communication difficulties. In one of their studies, the overall mean of prevalence rate was found to be 63% in children with speech problems previously diagnosed in speech clinics and 46 % in children served in a variety of settings in general population. The research indicates the current estimation of prevalence in children with communication difficulties in  England and Wales is nearly 10% and also children with SEBD are inclined towards having communication difficulties (Law et al 2000). Children with receptive language impairments are at greater risk for developing SEBD (Beitchman et al., 1996). Approximately 3% of school children are having severe form of Attention Deficit Hyperacctive Disorder (ADHD) and are at high risk of anti-social behaviour as well as poor conduct. At least 10% of school age children are affected by motor or vocal tics, or a combination of both. Recent population studies estimate that  at least 1% of general population  of school age children are affected by a clinically handicapping Touretts syndrome. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder affects (1%) of school age children. They display obsessions and compulsions, which are considered as a neuropsychiatric disorder states Gillberg (2005). The study from the literature strongly indicates that the language impairment and social, emotional and behavioural difficulties are interlinked. (Cross, 2004). Co- morbidity of language impairment and SEBD Studies show that children  with SEBD have been studied for the co-occurrence of language difficulties where Benner (2002) finds 71% of the children being experiencing language difficulties significantly and other authors argue if it is due to a core neurological deficit. Botting and Conti-Ramsden (2000), has identified 40% of children with combined expressive and receptive language problems are most likely to experience behavioural problems and antisocial problems. Also Ripley and Yuill (2005) reported that expressive difficulties were linked to high level of emotional symptoms and tend to increase with the age of the child. Psychiatric Comorbidity: It is noticed that 42% of children who had speech or language difficulties at the age 5 had psychiatric disorder when diagnosed (Beitchman et al 1996). 30% of seven to eight year olds were determined as having difficulties of specific language impairments, on the total scale of the teacher completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire from both the special and mainstream schools (Lindsay and Dockrell, 2000). The ascertained percentage of children referring child psychiatric services for behavioural and emotional problems having unsuspected language impairment is 33% (Cohen et al, 1993). The prevalence from other studies also suggests that learning difficulties can account for high percentage of language problems in children with SEBD (Cross 2004). Estimation of concomitant prevalence of language deficits in children who exhibit anti-social behaviour is 10 times that of the general population (Donahue et al, 1994), also the strengths of relationship between language disorders and anti-social behaviour may increase throughout the life (Cantwell 1991).Henceforth, it is an established fact that a child with language difficulties is bound to have emotional and behavioural difficulties which further on have a tendency to rise. Characteristics: Children identified with SLCN may encounter and experience problems such as usage of vocabulary, understanding and recalling information, processing information, maintaining attention, following instructions by listening, taking part actively in various activities or joining in group discussions, relating to peers , memorizing specific vocabulary (SENCo Newsletter, 2010). Children with SEBD are more likely to be disruptive and disturbing, (they could be hyperactive, lack concentration, poor or immature social skills or personality disorders and quite a few exhibit challenging behaviours, mainly due to other complex special needs). This could be temporary or permanent which can become as a barrier towards their ability to learn as they experience restlessness, social withdrawal, poor attention and isolation according to Teacher Training Agencys National SEN Specialist Standards in 1999. Also these children are subjected towards low levels of self esteem, they lack in Regulating their emotions emotion regulation is a form of mental control states Parrot (2001). Developing social cognition which can lead on to failure in learning at school, as a result of emotional damage (Saarni, 1999). The fact is neither are they very different from their peers, nor do they fall particularly under a homogenous group; rather they can be considered on a continuum. In general, the disorders are based on DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association, 1994). These disorders can be broadly divided as behavioural, emotional and developmental disorders. Other disorders include Developmental Disorders (like Autism seen as a Pervasive Developmental Disorder) and Reactive Attachment Disorder, Schizophrenia, eating disorder and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (Cross 2004). Heneker, (2005) postulates an interesting way when making a distinction of these disorders. First, the less-obvious disorders such as anxiety, school phobia, prolonged stress (due to various reasons such as transitions, communication difficulties, depression). Secondly, the well-known disorders such as, conduct disorders, hyperkinetic disorders. However, it is also possible that these disorders cover a wide range of abilities, including SLCN and some of the learning difficulties. Some of the causes and risk factors: Earlier, children experiencing difficulties with social interactions, bad conduct disorders, children exhibiting high levels of frustrations due to peer- rejections/maladjusted, aggressive behaviour or inappropriate behaviour in adjusting to school environment were regarded as abnormal and immature social cognition (Happe and Frith 1996). It is not what we think or feel but what we do that makes us maladjusted†¦.continued severity anxiety may get the better of people and induce them to take desperate ill-considered action which is against their interest but it is the action and not the anxiety which ranks as maladjusted. (Scott, 1982). Fortin and Bigras (1994)  claims that any of these below mentioned risk factors occur in isolation, addressing the complex interaction of the  factors  associated with  SEBD. The main factors being predisposing factor, child-based factors, contextual risk factors and also family-centered risk factors. They concluded that the accumulation of these factors increases the probability  that a child may develop SEBD. Interventions: Within primary schools, there has been a growing emphasis on interventions that can enable to bring difference in children identified with SEBD and also SLCN, with the aim of promoting the childs learning and development and level of school achievement. By introducing the storytelling intervention program called The Big Book of Storysharing by Peacey (2009), has demonstrated in bringing up a positive change while prioritizing on communication and sharing personal stories amongst primary school children from both mainstream and special schools. The purpose of this project is to develop social skills, language and communication skills. It has promoted positive attitudes and narrative skills. Children from special school were able to use words or signs, gaze eye contact while speaking, joining in narration by listening and telling stories, whereas the children from mainstream perceived to be more confident and gained pleasure in narrating stories which shows the effectiveness of the project. PALS a program to develop Social Skills for children. It emphasis and aims towards building confidence in children and participate actively in social contexts. The main purpose of this program is to teach social skills such as listening, sharing, taking turns, dealing with feelings of fear,  coping up with frustration, dealing with emotions effectively, etc. It is accepted by early childhood psychologists and NSW (New South Wales, Australia) that it reduces the problem behaviour and increases social skills significantly in children. It also indicates that children with internal behavioural difficulties (withdrawn, shyness, anxiousness, passivity) lack in communication skills which again has a significant effect in developing their social skills at schools and finally has an impact of low level of school achievement (Cooper, 2002). Henker (2005) proposed an individualized intervention for the children at a pre referral unit (PRU) who are identified for a specific communication need to ameliorate their skills such as: vocabulary, social skills and speech, grammar. It has been noticed that children were able to show improvement in one or more area, where they were attending this speech and language therapy weekly or twice a week. Evaluating staff questionnaires suggests that improvement has been obtained by the children with communication needs. Explanations of Intervention Programs: Peacey (2009) conceives that this project can demonstrate well if a named person from each school takes in charge to mediate with other members of the staff to motivate and repeat or retell the stories for the children. The second factor is to assure the age group of children has to be well chosen. Also this project did not demonstrate to be an effective one in measuring childrens specific difference in their usage of language on the standardized assessments for the children who were at the early stage of language development and have showed only minor improvements as they were experiencing learning difficulties. However, it consists of certain drawbacks. When the children were assessed in the areas such as, attention, impulse control and flexibility; it fails to identify and explain the gain of attention at both mainstream as well as special schools and it could not control impulses of all the children. It is time consuming (for the preparation of the project towards discussing obje ctives with the members for their participation and affirmation). Overall, the project has been identified for a positive outcome of making progress with the story telling skills where children enjoyed and valued their experiences and also it has established the concept of inclusion in both of the school cultures. The graph of the success rate indicates that PALS effectiveness is more on the age group ranging preschool children when compared to primary school aged group of children. Cooper (2002), states that social skills interventions work less effective for primary school aged children and on the other hand it works more effectively for preschoolers. Explanation from literature: Today in United Kingdom the government is providing the opportunity to the primary school teachers in various ways to provide better services to the children. For example, a SENCO training enables a class room teacher in understanding the different areas of difficulties experiencing by a child can play a vital role with the support of specific frameworks. There are other professionals from the local authorities to liaise with in supporting children with special needs including children with social, emotional behavioural difficulties as well as speech, language and communication needs. A large portion of children (with 50 % or more) are entering primary schools with low language levels and 5-7% of children from general population are identified with SLCN. Limited usage of language can oppose making relationships with peers at school and which can also lead to behavioural problems in the future (SENCo Newsletter, 2010). Evaluations and limitations: There are certain limitations to study the link between SEBD and SLCN. It is not always possible to identify language difficulties in children with other learning difficulties as research suggests that children with language difficulties may have underlying cognitive processing delays (Beitchman et al 1998; Torgeson, 1998). Instruments currently available for measuring underlying cognitive process are less technically adequate than instruments designed to assess language development or academic achievement (Beitchman, et al 1998). Often a communication difficulty can be interpreted differently as a behavioural difficulty in some cases (for example, a child who is unable to convey a message to his friend while playing can behave in a noncompliant and aggressive way). In contrast a behavioural difficulty can be interpreted differently when the other person is aware of the communication difficulty or need of that particular child. Language difficulties lead on to substantially high risk of anti-social behaviour. Receptive language difficulties not only go undetected but have adverse negative behaviour and have a profound affect on vital relationships throughout ones life span. Benner (2000). These children  tend to face a significant or high  risk  in attaining school achievement. On the other hand, most of the parents are unwilling to accept the fact that they are in need of help with regards to their childrens behavioural problems and look for help when they find and realize the situation, at a high risk. It is true that the response towards intervention programs is less when the behavioural problems are at an advanced stage. Parow (2009). Previous reviews of literature examined that relation between on wide range of antisocial behaviour and communication difficulties but very little of previous study or reviews focused specifically on Language skills of children identified with emotional, behavioural difficulties. This suggest the need for investigation in understanding the link between SEBD and SLCN by diverse participants. Conclusion: The Special Educational Needs (SEN) graph in England indicates the percentage level of children with SEBD inclines gradually with their age from primary school, whereas the SLCN tends to decline as the child grows. (Cross, 2009). There are substantial amounts of documented associations between behavioural difficulties and language and a large ratio of children with BESD have an underlying language problem. Expressive language difficulties are very apparent, but other language impairments can be harder to detect; a receptive language difficulty could easily be missed as it most often gets considered as a learning difficulty. Nevertheless the relationship is unclear in identifying the primary difficulty in decision making clinically and it is not appropriate for the population of children where language difficulties are unidentified / unsuspected previously. The need to find how language structure emerges through varied time frames is crucial for the current researchers. Therefore, the research indicates the need to encourage diverse participants for further research. In addition to public sectors of educational, health and social service or charity organizations rather include clinical psychologists, community developers, epidemiologists, medics, etc. should be involved. Note: This essay consist of 2,519 words only excluding references.

Identity, image, and reputation: an interdisciplinary framework and suggested terminology Essay

Building a vibrant and positive corporate reputation is the endeavor of every company, whether it is large-scale or small-scale. Indeed, the growth and development of the company is edged in its ability to enact feasible mechanisms of enhancing corporate reputation. Both internal and external stakeholders depend on corporate reputation to measure a company’s performance. It is from the corporate reputation that a company can define its fundamental place in the market. Ryanair, an Irish airline company with an expansive European market displays the impact of corporate reputation on the performance of the company. Despite the company’s growth over the years, reputational challenges have rocked its performance in a highly competitive business environment. Customer satisfaction, corporate image and corporate identity have suffered heavily because of its negative corporate reputation. In an effort to bolster its affairs with major stakeholders, Michael O’ Leary, the c ompany’s CEO has sought to find ways of effectively managing the company’s corporate reputation. This report identifies the reputational challenges affecting Ryanair, and recommending corporate communication frameworks of improving customer service, enhancing corporate image and identity, developing positive publicity and building a strong corporate reputation for the company. Managing Corporate Reputation             Today’s business environment is extremely dynamic and competitive in nature; a company’s corporate success depends on a myriad of factors. Among these factors is corporate reputation. A company’s reputation fundamentally defines its performance and jurisdiction in the market place. A company’s internal and external environments play instrumental roles in influencing its corporate reputation’s index. In essence, corporate reputation influences the trends that the company’s stakeholders develop towards it, for instance, it affects customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and employee retention (Chun 2005, p 91). In an age whereby businesses are facing numerous challenges, managing corporate reputation is an imperative business strategy, as it will certainly develop internal and external corporate portfolios to initiate success. Managing corporate reputation entails the deliberate articulation of feasible leadership structures and developing coherent internal and external business environments, which consequently result into quality products and services. Moreover, a robust corporate reputation is significant in establishing a vibrant relationship between a company and its stakeholders. According to corporate reputation theory, managing a company’s corporate reputation requires an integration of the fundamental elements that influence its corporate image and identity. Hence, according to Institute of Directors (1999), a positive corporate reputation is a valuable intangible asset that attracts a large customer base and invites investments from potential shareholders. Ryanair is an Irish airline company that since its inception has continued to influence the European airline industry. Despite its far-reaching influence in the market, Ryanair has corporate reputation issues that affect its corporate ima ge and identity, which has strained its stakeholder relations. Addressing the corporate reputation issues require a revamp of its systems in order to build a strong corporate reputation. 2.0 Application 2.1 Reputational challenges             Since its inception in 1984, Ryanair has experienced commendable growth from being a small airline to one of Europe’s largest airline companies. A pertinent aspect that has enabled Ryanair to have an exponential growth in the industry in its low-cost business model; it currently cuts across 28 European countries. With over 8,500 staff members, Ryanair has certainly been establishing itself as a potential destination for airline customers. Despite its massive expansion, reputational challenges continue to rock the company. Customer satisfaction is on the decline, with customers expressing concerns about its awful services. Inconsiderate treatment of customers has damaged the reputation of the company and jeopardizes its ability to grow. For example, customers on business travels continuously express their concerns because of delays and unprofessional ways of handling customers. Moreover, a communication lapse between Ryanair and its major stakeholders has threatened its corporate reputation. Poor communication services with its customers have resulted into degraded services and negative feedback, thus further damaging the company’s corporate image. Decreased profits precipitated by the prevailing corporate trends in the company have also raised eyebrows among its key stakeholders. The decline in the company’s profit index poses a negative corporate reputation since financial stability is an imperative aspect of defining a business’ success. Thus, the reputational challenges call for necessary interventions in resurfacing the company. 2.2 Current situation             Currently, Ryanair’s major stakeholders are not satisfied with the diminishing corporate reputation of the company. Stakeholders are the parties that contribute in the running of a business; they are the people who influence or are influenced by the decisions of the company. The stakeholder theory gives a framework for identifying the interested parties in the business, as well as how the management should accord value to the parties that influence the running of the business (Phillips 2011 p 25). The stakeholders’ concerns stem from the current stunted growth in the company, and its inability to make further breakthroughs in the market. The company’s diminishing corporate image jeopardizes its potential for growth in a competitive market. In view of the stakeholder theory, Ryanair’s management has failed in its mandate to satisfy customers, who are the major stakeholder. Customer satisfaction is on a decreasing streak. Surveys are constantly showing that Ryanair is trailing behind its major competitors in the industry. This is attributed to the high dissatisfaction levels expressed by its customers, in respect to customer services. Provision of quality services is an impetus to market expansion and a large customer base. The absence of this factor has resulted into poor feedback from the customers. Also, Michael O’ Leary, the CEO of the company has noted that there is a need to break from the historical business models and introduce viable and strategic models that fit in today’s corporate world. The concerns of the external stakeholders including shareholders and customers have contributed to the current position of the airline company’s management. Based on a strategic management model, the management of the company is mandated to readjust its internal and external business environments to meet its objectives. 3.0 The challenge 3.1 Scope of the challenge             The biggest challenge affecting Ryanair is a negative corporate reputation in the airline industry. The negative reputation has virtually affected its corporate image and identity. A company’s corporate image refers to what its external stakeholders see (Chun 2005 p 95). For example, the relationship between a company and its customers defines the way they view it. Conversely, corporate identity, describes the strategic values of a company edged in its vision, mission and philosophy (Chun 2005, p 97). Moreover, due to the company’s poor service delivery to customers, negative publicity has certainly taken shape; hence, affecting its relationship with stakeholders. A critical analysis of the current situations facing Ryanair shows that both the internal and external environments of the company face negative effects from the reputational issues. From a strategic perspective, the reputational challenges that Ryanair faces threaten to put it on the losing end of competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is the ability to win out competition in a highly competitive market (Castellion 2010 p 935). Though it is a low-cost airline, the services it offers are not satisfactory to many of its customers; hence, it stands to lose potential customers to other high quality competitors like British Airways. In addition, from a strategic management perspective, the corporate reputational challenges affecting the company pose threats and increases operational weaknesses, which limit its potential growth in the market. From an organizational perspective, the inability of a company to have viable platforms of controlling its resources exposes it to negative consequences including shrinking its corporate identity portfolio (Fombrun & Riel 2004 p 17). The objectives of a company cannot be realized without adequate organizational management. Ryanair’s short-sightedness in its corporate image is attributed to its inability to manage its resources well. Additionally, the failure of instituting a coherent way of integrating the organizational functions of the company negatively affects its overall performance. 3.2 Impact of reputational issues on the organization and its stakeholders             The reputational issues have far-reaching effects on the organization as well as its stakeholders. The enterprise risks losing its customers to other airline companies because of its inability to provide quality services. Customer satisfaction is an important aspect in meeting the clients’ needs, the major stakeholders in a company (Jacobson & Mizik 2009 p 815-817). Based on the case, the company’s casual way of handling customers has the potential of damaging its corporate image. Moreover, the company’s vision and objectives cannot be met with precision because of its blurred potential to make a breakthrough in the market. Reduced profits reported by the company implies that its financial stability faces a major blow; hence, affecting its operations greatly. Shareholders, who are important stakeholders in the company, will certainly be affected by the reduction of the shares value. The reputational challenges affecting Ryanair pose a huge risk on its market share. Additionally, customers fail to get value for their money, and shift their focus on alternative service providers. Suppliers of pertinent resources to the airline company also face the risk of losing the business relationship because of the heightened loss of corporate image and identity. 4.0 Proposal             Based on the case study, Ryanair, through the leadership of its CEO, Michael O’ Leary should enact feasible communication platforms of intervening in the corporate reputation challenges affecting the company. Enacting viable communication channels with its stakeholders will certainly play an instrumental role in restoring a positive corporate reputation. Thus, improving the company’s customer service, identity and image, restoring positive publicity and developing a strong corporate reputation for the company will require a sound communication portfolio with its major stakeholders. Improving the company’s customer service, identity and image             This will require deliberate efforts from the company’s management. Empowering the staff is vital in improving customer services. Zeithaml, V. (2000) asserts that investing in adequate human resource frameworks that increase the capacity of the staff is considerable in improving customer service relations. Training employees on the most proficient ways of serving customers are instrumental in developing viable communication links. This will consequently improve the company’s relationship with its customers, who are imperative external stakeholders. Of importance still, investing in a highly empowered human resource will enhance the company’s corporate identity by meeting its goals and objectives. Meeting the clients’ needs by availing quality services will greatly help  in establishing a cohesive business relationship. Brown et al. (2005), highlight that a customer’s delight is in receiving value for his money. Through providing quality airline services, the company is certainly communicating its desire to meet the needs of its customers. Indeed, the customers’ satisfaction is a way of expressing a continuous and successful business relationship. Consequently, this will undoubtedly improve the company’s corporate image by meeting the customers’ expectations. Instituting a communication platform among the key stakeholders will be pertinent in addressing the reputational issues of the airline company. Based on the expansive nature of Ryanair, it is significant to have an online and accessible feedback platform whereby the company’s management can communicate with its customers. This will enhance the company’s sensitivity to its customers’ needs and make them their primary concern. This is a practical way of enhancing customer service and building a strong corporate image and identity. Gaining positive publicity             Gaining a positive public image is an important step towards the change that Ryanair needs to implement. Having a positive public image is a major boost in the success of any business (Caruana and Chircop 2000, pp 45-50). Given the large European market that Ryanair operates in, embracing a positive public image will enhance its chances of success. Firstly, the management of the company needs to develop organizational management frameworks that control the resources of the company with utmost proficiency. The management of the company is vital in disseminating a company’s functions to the relevant parties. The management, being a major stakeholder in the company has the obligation of ensuring that the internal environment of the company is articulating management issues vehemently. This calls for the employees to work collaboratively with the management in affecting the external stakeholders positively. The effective business communication grounding between the management and employees will produce results that will precipitate positive publicity for Ryanair. As a result, the considerable organizational management will influence positive publicity by increasing customer confidence. An increase in customer confidence is sufficient in arousing the airline’s public image; hence, gaining positive publicity. Customer confidence in the management portfolio of the company will be crucial in diversifying its market jurisdiction. On the same note, advertising agencies and suppliers who form a key component of the company’s external stakeholders will play a crucial role in improving Ryanair’s positive publicity. With credible communication platforms between the external stakeholders and the company, it is without a doubt that the company will develop a positive publicity. Developing a strong corporate reputation             Developing a strong corporate reputation is a fundamental tool in ensuring that Ryanair remains a reputable airline company in the industry. Indeed, this calls for compelling communication frameworks among the stakeholders of the company. True, the airline industry features as extremely diverse; hence, the need for investing in the best publicity platforms. Spreading information is an aspect of publicity that should be implemented with ease in order for the company to increase its chances of success. Information about structural changes in the airline industry should be communicated in the best way possible for the purpose of initiating viable communication structures between the internal and external stakeholders. Thus, initiating feasible publicity frameworks is a credible way of surfacing a strong corporate reputation by improving communication among the key stakeholders in Ryanair airlines. Crisis control in the company is a pertinent aspect in securing a strong corporate reputation in the company. The management of the company should set up platforms for ensuring that crisis management is articulated vehemently. Chun and Davies (2006) point out that the crisis management is imperative in any ambitious company because risks are inevitable in the global market. In this respect, reputational risk management for Ryanair is an integral base in the staging of a strong corporate reputation. Through amicable communication platforms, the internal stakeholders of the company have the capacity to address the reputational issues affecting it. It is necessary to bring together the functions of the management and employees with the expectations of the external stakeholders. This creates a cordial business relation that undoubtedly builds a strong corporate reputation. In essence, in order to enhance the company’s reputational competence, there is a need for the diverse stakeholders to work together in tandem. 5.0 Conclusion             In conclusion, it is evidently clear that managing corporate reputation is an important function of any ambitious company. In the case of Ryanair airlines, its expansive market calls for feasible communication strategies to secure a solid corporate reputation portfolio. The success of the company fundamentally depends on its ability to initiate practical corporate reputation strategies. Training employees, providing quality services and securing effective communication platforms will certainly enhance customer satisfaction and build the company’s identity and image. Thus, this calls for prioritizing the needs of the customers and making them principal stakeholders. Additionally, the need for a credible publicity is significant in the growth expansion of the company’s positive publicity. Lastly, building a strong corporate reputation requires the collaborative actions of all major stakeholders. References Brown, T.J., Dacin, P.A., Pratt, M.G. and Whetten, D.A. (2005). Identity, image, and reputation: an interdisciplinary framework and suggested terminology. Paper presented at the Academy of Marketing Science Conference, Tampa, FL. Chun, R. (2005). Corporate reputation: Meaning and measurement. International Journal of Management Reviews Volume 7 Issue 2 pp. 91–109. Caruana, A. and Chircop, S. (2000). Measuring corporate reputation: a case example. Corporate Reputation Review, 3(1), 43–57. Chun, R. and Davies, G. (2006). The influence of corporate character on customers and employees: exploring similarities and differences. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science (JAMS), 34(2) Castellion, G. (2010). The Design of Business: Why Design Thinking Is the Next Competitive Advantage by Roger Martin and Design-Driven Innovation: Changing the Rules of Competition by Radically Innovating What Things Mean by Roberto Verganti. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(6), 931-935.Fombrun, C. J., & Riel, C. B. (2004). Fame & fortune how successful companies build winning reputations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.Institute of Directors (IOD) (1999). Reputation Management: Strategies for Protecting Companies, their Brands and their Directors. London: Director Publications (Director’s Guide Series). Jacobson, R., & Mizik, N. (2009). The Financial Markets and Customer Satisfaction: Reexamining Possible Financial Market Mispricing of Customer Satisfaction. Marketing Science, 28(5), 810-819.Phillips, R. (2011). Stakeholder theory. Cheltenham, Elgar.Zeithaml, V. (2000). Service quality, profitability, and the economic worth of customers: what we know and what we need to learn. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 67–85. Source document

Legal Implications of Being a Nutritional Consultant

Introduction Nutrition is among the present society’s number one needs. Aside from the fact that the nutritional knowledge of the people living within the society right now is indeed deteriorating, the role of nutritional consultants in assisting the society get a say with what they need from the governmental provisions especially concerning ample distribution of food is an essential factor contributing to the progress of the present human society. Certainly, from this, it could be noted that through ample application of the rules and regulations behind the job of a nutritionist, the global problem in nutrition application may as well be reduced or at best, it may even have a chance of being completely abolished. What is it that makes the people in this particular career seemingly important and mostly appreciated by the society? What is the nature of this career that particularly makes it one of the most important jobs given stress within the human society? These particular questions shall be discussed within the context of this paper. The Nature of the Job Nutritionists or Nutrition consultants are involved in creating possibilities in assisting the people within the human society in becoming nutritionally aware of their needs. Health is wealth. This is the usual saying that supports the major responsibilities that are vested upon the shoulders of professional nutritionists. Among the many people within the human society, only 43% actually get the correct amount of daily nutrition that is needed by the body to be able to sustain itself for bodily repairs and personal care procedures that the human body itself could take care of. There are different reasons behind the factual reports regarding nutritional issues that are submitted for public knowledge purposes. One reason could be the fact that the poverty line, especially among developing countries hinders the human population from actually being able to acquire the right nutrition that they ought to receive. This issue particularly spurs out from the fact that because of the population-boom that is globally experienced at present, scarcity of resources increase thus making it impossible for the governments to equally provide nutritional measures to both the ones who could afford buying the scarce resources and the ones who could not even afford to buy a single meal for a day. The role of nutrition consultants in the situation narrated above is certainly described with high regard to their responsibility of helping in the education of the society regarding their nutritional and dietary needs as well as their role in helping in researching the best possible ways to equally distribute the food resources of the present human society among all the population around the world. To add up to the said description of the job of nutrition consultants, Phoenix University, an online-based educational institution describes the career of nutrition consultants as: â€Å"Dietitians and nutritionists are health professionals who study and apply the principles of nutrition and food management. There are several kinds of dietitians and nutritionists. The largest group is made up of administrative dietitians. Administrative dietitians manage food services in hospitals, schools, nursing homes, restaurants, industrial plants, military bases, and other institutions. They plan and direct the purchase and preparation of food, as well as supervise other food service workers. Administrative dietitians ensure that the meals served are nutritious, appetizing, and within the institution's budget. †¦ Nutritionists study the use of food in the human body. They are not usually involved in feeding people. They deal instead with the broad principles of nutrition. They may teach others about scientific discoveries in the field of nutrition. These discoveries can then be applied to the planning of diets and menus. For example, a nutritionist might develop a course to teach poor families how to eat well on a small budget. Nutritionists are employed in the food industry, schools, hospitals, agriculture, and public health agencies.† As the role of the nutrition consultants had been carefully outlined, it is then necessary to consider the fact that the law, also usually bound the activities that the nutrition consultants engage with. From the clear understanding of the job performed by nutrionists, it should occur to readers that the laws concerning the legality of this particular career is related with the pharmaceutical measures of consideration when giving out samples of food supplements to people who are lacking certain types of nutrients within their body’s system. The law with regards this issue is aimed in protecting the patient’s health. It should occur to the nutrition consultants that recommending food supplement products such as synthetic vitamins and/or herbal medicines should be made within the basis of being of great help to the patient or the person who is being assisted. With regards considering this particular issue, it should be remembered that whatever it is that happens recommendation of the medicines should be measured with the actual nutritional requirements for the person being dealt with and not simply gaining profit from the producers of a certain nutritional supplement. This particular responsibility of nutrition consultants is highly given close attention especially within the areas of territory of several developed cities such as New York. This is particularly because of the fact that producers of fake nutritional supplements could be found everywhere else making it harder to identify what is really the true food supplement. Not being able to address this issue would surely cause problems with the health situation of the patient as well as with the reputation of the consultant in the said particular branch of medical profession. Reference: The Nutritional and Dietary Supplement Law.(2006). Nutritional supplements, dietary ingredients, functional foods and drinks, nutraceuticals and the law. http://nutrisuplaw.com/?page_id=68. (May 18, 2007). Phoenix University. (2007). Dietitian and Nutritionist Job Description, Career as a Dietitian and Nutritionist, Salary, Employment – Definition and Nature of the Work, Education and Training Requirements, Getting the Job. http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/342/Dietitian-Nutritionist.html. (May 18, 2007). ;

Nazism in Germany Essays

Nazism in Germany Essays Nazism in Germany Essay Nazism in Germany Essay Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Nazism in Germany The first section of the book The World Must Know by Berebaum highlights on issues of Nazism in Germany and the persecutions of Jews and other respective group by Adolf Hitler in his regimes as German chancellor (Gregor, 34). This journal post is based on my findings from reading the text as well as discussions with my classmate. On 30 January in the year 1933, German’s aged president, Hindenburg, named Adolf Hitler as the chancellor of the country’s government. At this time, chancellor was the highest-ranking position in the state government. The president mandated Hitler with this position with a view that he would manage to steer Germany away from its terrible economical and political crisis. Adolf Hitler spearheaded German workers from National Socialism in the right wing (the Nazi Party). This party was among the most powerful in Germany by the year 1933; although the Nazi managed to gather a mere 33 percent of the popularity votes in the previous election in 1932 . After immediately gaining power, Hitler decided to end democracy in Germany. He did this by persuading his cabinet to call on the constitution’s emergency clauses that licensed the suspension of personal freedom of speech, press and assembly. Special forces of security; the SS, Storm Troopers and the Gestapo moved by arresting or murdering opposition leaders from their respective political parties. The government passed an act on 23 March the same year that handed Hitler with the powers of dictatorship. Hitler, through his Nazi party, began practicing his ideology on racism, believing that Germans were the superior race involved in a struggle with other inferior races. Hitler and his party viewed Jews, Gypsies (Roma) and handicapped individuals as threats to the biological standards of Germans; what they referred to as a master class (Gregor, 42). The principal target of the Nazi ideology was the Jews who primarily constituted a minor share of the entire German population (app roximately 525, 000 about 1 percent of the population in 1933). The party moreover maliciously spread propaganda that unfairly attributed Jews to the country’s World War II defeat as well as economic depression. In the same year, Hitler passed laws that forced Jews working in the civil service to quit their jobs in various fields such as the law court and university positions (Gellately, 13). New laws were proclaimed in Nuremberg in 1933 that regarded citizen Jews as second class. In the course of the period of 1937 to 1939, more rules from the German government segregated Jews even to a greater extent. They could not walk or even reside in certain parts of the cities in Germany, nor could they attend schools, go to vacation resorts, cinemas or theatres. In the course of the same period, Hitler increasingly forced Jews away from the country’s economic life. The Nazi would either force Jews to sell their businesses at throwaway prices or forcefully seize their businesses and property (Gellately, 27). The Nazi party did this through an operation dubbed Kristallnacht. This operation included physical destruction of Jewish stores and synagogues, home vandalizing, unwarranted arrests and m urders. Even though Jewish people were the main target of Hitler’s hatred, he also persecuted other individuals he regarded as inferior genetically. Hitler’s ideology was facilitated by scientists who vouched for selective breeding as a means of improving the German race. He passed laws between the years 1933 and 35 that saw involuntary sterilization programs focused on reducing the inferior genotypes in the future in Germany. Upto 350,000 individuals were subjected to this program by either being sterilized physically or through radiation so they could not bear children. People who supported this measure argued that the handicapped were burdening the country with their costs of care. Another consequence of Hitler’s rule came with unwarranted arrests of people from trade unions, political opponents and others that Hitler’s party regarded as undesirable or enemies to the state (Gellately, 42). Upto 15,000 homosexuals were put in prison in concentration camps hailin g from the newly revised Nazi laws. Mere declaration of a man as a homosexual would amount in arrest, trial and imprisonment (Gellately, 43). An approximate 25, 000 Jehovah’s witnesses who were residing in Germany were condemned and banned by the government because their religious beliefs prevented them from taking any oath of allegiance to the state or serving the military. With their entire literature confiscated, they also lost their jobs, pensions, employment and social welfare benefits. People who witnessed these atrocities were deported to concentration camps, and their children sent to orphanages and detention camps. Thousands of people, majority of which were political activists, were in municipal camps and thousands others in concentration camps. The 1938 waves of arrests included large numbers of Austrian as well as German Roma (Thie?bot, 82). Between the time Hitler took charge and the year 1939, half of the population of German Jews and numerous Austrian Jews fled Germany due to the prosecutions from Nazi. The immigrants mainly pitched camp in United States, Palestine, and other parts of Europe (but many were eventually caught up with due to the war), Latin America and Shanghai. The Jews who remained in Germany were either unwilling to flee or lacked any means of acquiring visas, funds for immigration or sponsors in the countries to host them (Thie?bot, 94). However, the host countries, including Canada, France, Britain and the United States were all unwilling to accept large numbers of immigrants.

Free Essays on Life And Death

Throughout history man has made many journeys, far and wide, Moses great march though the Red Sea and Columbus’ crossing of the Atlantic Ocean are only a few of mans greatest voyages. Even today great journeys are being made. In every instances people have had to rise above themselves and over come emence odds. The Joads did just that by traveling to California to find work. Steinbeck shows one aspect of this real life journey by displaying it by a turtle and it’s struggle to reach the other side of a road. As the turtle is about to reach his goal, it is returned to it’s original location, but it does not waver in it’s determination, and continues across the road until it reaches the other side. The Joad family and Casy identify with this the most because the undergo tremendous heartache, yet they stay true to their plans and never give up. They are faced with death and sickness, but they never give up. Steinbeck wrote â€Å"In the evening a strange thing happened: twenty families became one family, the children were the children of all the loss of home became one loss, and the golden time in the West was one dream† This was what the Joads were searching for they wanted to feel like they belonged. Ma was the one who was mostly searching for this. This is her journey to keep the family together. Her belief that a broken-family will not be able to accomplish anything. This is displayed by her not allowing the two cars to split and arrive at California at different times, when one of the cars breaks down, as they are leaving Oklahoma. Ma says â€Å"I ain’t a-gonna go.† The only way she’ll let the family break up is if pa whips her and makes her go. Pa’s journey is displayed by his trying to fit in and make a difference. He does not handle this move very well, and throughout their journey, he is confused, and not as headstrong as Ma. He realizes this also, he knows that he can’t help the family t he way he use to. So he searche... Free Essays on Life And Death Free Essays on Life And Death Throughout history man has made many journeys, far and wide, Moses great march though the Red Sea and Columbus’ crossing of the Atlantic Ocean are only a few of mans greatest voyages. Even today great journeys are being made. In every instances people have had to rise above themselves and over come emence odds. The Joads did just that by traveling to California to find work. Steinbeck shows one aspect of this real life journey by displaying it by a turtle and it’s struggle to reach the other side of a road. As the turtle is about to reach his goal, it is returned to it’s original location, but it does not waver in it’s determination, and continues across the road until it reaches the other side. The Joad family and Casy identify with this the most because the undergo tremendous heartache, yet they stay true to their plans and never give up. They are faced with death and sickness, but they never give up. Steinbeck wrote â€Å"In the evening a strange thing happened: twenty families became one family, the children were the children of all the loss of home became one loss, and the golden time in the West was one dream† This was what the Joads were searching for they wanted to feel like they belonged. Ma was the one who was mostly searching for this. This is her journey to keep the family together. Her belief that a broken-family will not be able to accomplish anything. This is displayed by her not allowing the two cars to split and arrive at California at different times, when one of the cars breaks down, as they are leaving Oklahoma. Ma says â€Å"I ain’t a-gonna go.† The only way she’ll let the family break up is if pa whips her and makes her go. Pa’s journey is displayed by his trying to fit in and make a difference. He does not handle this move very well, and throughout their journey, he is confused, and not as headstrong as Ma. He realizes this also, he knows that he can’t help the family t he way he use to. So he searche...

Logical Forms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Logical Forms - Essay Example Manjoo also thinks that the proposal is contradictory in its idea that it is possible to prohibit big internet service providers from prioritizing their service to their affiliates and maintain internet openness at the same time. He is cynical to the efficacy of FCC’s proposal and is almost sure it will not deliver on what it promises (Majoo, 2014). According to this article, the attempt by the FCC is not important and it is set for confusion. This is evident in the article’s argument that the commission’s proposal is trying to safeguard the openness of the internet but the internet has always been open. There is an underlying implication that the attempt is therefore futile and it will do more harm than good. The article presents FCC’s proposal as confusing by asserting that it is presenting its proposal as leading to a win-win situation. The article implies that it will not be possible for the commission’s proposal to please both sides. The evidence that the article provides to support its claim that the proposal is futile is quite on point because since its inception, the Internet has always operated on an open-for-all basis. That notwithstanding, this evidence fails to factor in the incidences and possibility of big internet providers dealing unfairly and in a way that can cripple this openness. The same cannot be said about the article’s criticism of the move by the commission to invite the public to help decide on the best framework for its proposal (Majoo, 2014). The article presents FCC’s invitation for public comment on its proposal as unproductive. To criticize this move appropriately, the article uses the analogy of the Interior Department requesting for public opinion on how to run the Hoover Dam. The other warrant that the article provides to indicate the unproductiveness of this move is to parallel the ease of consumers telling their