Global Business Management and Managing Diversity

Question: Discuss about the Global Business Management and Managing Diversity. Answer: Introduction This study is focused on Australian Paper which is the only manufacturer of papers for office, packaging and printing purposes in Australia. The current headquarters of the company is situated at Melbourne in Australia. Australian Paper is operating its business for more than 100 years. The company was established in the year of 1895 and currently it is having near about 1300 employees (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). The mission of the company is to produce and deliver sustainably produced paper, pulp and the packaging products to the customers. The vision statement of the company states that the company aims to provide the best practice in the world through continuous improvement. The management of the company is highly concentrated on the sustainability or sustainable development of the business. The economic contribution of the company as per the latest report is $754 million and 5928 full time jobs. The company is currently producing Olympic stationery products, Reflex copy paper, postpeed, Australian copy paper, Tudor envelop, Saxton and Tudor. The company is very concerned about the flexibility of line function and staff functions because the overall manufacturing process of the company depends on the flexibility of the line and staff functions (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). Identifying the value chain system at Australian Paper The value chain system at Australian Paper is much improved and it contributes to a large extent in achieving the sustainability of the company. If the value chain system of the company is analyzed with the help of Porters Value Chain Model, then it can be identified that the company is very concerned about its support activities and primary activities (Peters et al. 2015). The company has applied the lean management technique for improving the inbound and out bound logistics. The application of lean management helped the organization to reduce the waste level and add extra value to the organizational system. The company has applied the advanced technologies in the operating process. This helps the company to involve less time in manufacturing 1 unit of product. Australian Paper has recruited highly skilled and experienced people in the marketing and sales department so that the marketing department can apply improved strategies to increase the customer base (Australianpaper.com.au 2 016). The infrastructure of the company is much advanced. The line function of the company follows a systematic way that starts from collecting the raw material from the suppliers and ends up by transferring the finished goods to the store. In each step there is a supervisor, who takes care of the process. The company applies 360 degree performance appraisal technique in every 6 months to improve the staff quality. The company also improves its technology on time-to-time basis (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). Explaining the planning process at Australian Paper At Australian Paper, currently three major issues have been identified. These three issues are - excess time in manufacturing per unit of paper, high cost in distribution, high labor cost (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). These three issues are affecting the current production system at Australian Paper. In order to solve the issues, the organization has adopted different strategies. In order to solve the excess manufacturing time related issue, the company has appointed more skilled and experienced labor. The company has already adopted and applied the lean management strategy but it was lacking behind because of the low skilled labor in the basic manufacturing level (Othman 2016). Due to this, the process was involving excess time to produce one unit of paper. In comparison to the competitors in the international market, the manufacturing system of the company requires some improvement. However, to compete in the market the company has focused on the quality of the products. It purchases the raw materials from the best suppliers so that the quality can be maintained. In order to solve this particular issue, the company must verify the information related to the standard production time for producing one unit of paper and the standard cost for the process (Sutheewasinnon, Hoque and Nyamori 2015). These two information is very important while preparing the manufa cturing budget. The company has tried to solve the second issue that is high cost in distribution the company has taken the strategy to build new manufacturing units near the distribution stations. This strategy of the company will help the company in lowering down the distribution cost (Akhtar and Mittal 2015). If the company applies this particular strategy, then it can achieve cost advantage in the international market, which will help the company to get a better position in the market. In order to solve this problem, the management needs the information related to current cost of distribution and the expected cost of distribution if the company sets the manufacturing unit near the distribution stations (Chua, Lowe and Puxty 2015). The third issue is high labor cost. In order to solve this issue the management has taken the strategy to purchase and use the machineries that can produce more quantity but requires less physical labor. If the company applies this strategy, then not only the labor cost will reduce but the total cost of the company will reduce also (Adekola and Sergi 2016). This will help the company to position itself at a better place in the market. However, for this the management will require the information related to the cost of the machineries and cost of the physical labor at the time of preparing the manufacturing budget. Analyzing the control process at Australian Paper Recently, at Australian Paper, some controlling issues have been found out. Among all other issues, two major issues are shortage of raw materials in the stores, excessive inventory (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). In order to solve these two major issues, the management of the company has prepared different plans for these two different issues. For the issue of shortage of raw materials in the stores, the management has planned to arrange for a meeting with the suppliers so that they can identify whether the suppliers are facing any problem in dealing with the company. Along with that, the management has also planned to investigate on the transporting process that goes on to bring the raw materials from suppliers to the stores of the company (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). On the other side, in order to solve the second major controlling issue that is excessive inventory, the management has planned to improve the selling process. As per the plan, the company will recruit experienced marketing people so that the sales of the company can be increased (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). At the same time, the company will implement the strategy of providing special discount on certain amount of sales. The management believes that this will enhance the sales, which will ultimately reduce the inventory level. The management of Australian Paper has used the balance scorecard technique to improve the performance management system within the company. The management has tried to improve the financial performance by decreasing the cost level and expanding the business in new areas in Australia (Baggio Czakon and Mariani 2015). The management has used the balance score card to improve the customer management system by implementing strategy of better CRM. The management has started to provide personalized services to the customers, so that the customers feel happy to deal with the company. In order to achieve the goal and managing the performance management system, improving the manufacturing and distribution process is very important (Kirton and Greene 2015). In order to improve the process through balance score card, the management has started to emphasize on the overall controlling and monitoring process (Wellin 2016). Thorough investigation is being done on the entire manufacturing and distr ibution process. The management has arranged for the training sessions for the performance improvement and learning of the employees. The management believes that improvement in the knowledge and performance of the employees will help in the growth of the company. Two decision making situations at Australian Paper Decision-making is the most essential part of the business. In order to run a business successfully, the management needs to take several decisions like, decision related to production; decision related to business expansion, decision related to sales and many others (Sadgrove 2016). Below, two situations are described where Australian Paper needed to make decisions: Australian Paper needs to raise its fund in order to improve its business operations further. However, identifying the proper source of fund raising is a matter of decision-making. The management of Australian Paper has analyzed the different external sources of finance during the decision-making process. At the same time, the management of the company has also analyzed the internal sources of finance. After analyzing the two types of sources of finance, the management takes the decision to raise fund from the external sources that is taking loan from the bank (Australianpaper.com.au 2016). There is another situation, in which Australian Paper needed to make decision and that is expanding its business. In order to position itself at a better market place, the company needs to expand its business further. However, the management of the company needed to take decision, whether the international expansion will be fruitful for the company or not (Sadiq and Governatori 2015). The management has conducted the market survey to make the decision-making process easier. As per the market research or survey, the management decided to expand the business nationally because international business expansion requires more investment. Recommendations In the report, it has been identified that Australian Paper is trying to improve its value chain system. However, the company is facing several challenges or issues in operating its business and controlling the same. The labor cost and the distribution cost of the company are much higher and at the same time, the company is also facing issues in inventory management and there is lack of proper quantity of raw materials in the stores. However, the management is trying hard to solve the issues. The management has prepared some plans to solve the issues. The management has decided to conduct thorough investigation on the problematic matters and along with that; the management has used the balance scorecard technique to improve the performance of the company. However, the management of Australian Paper can consider the following recommendations to improve its business further: The management can provide better training to the base level employees. This will help the company to improve the performance standard of the low-paid employees and the company can get better performance from the employees by paying the same salary or wages. The company can increase the product range to expand its business further. The company can recruit a supervisor, who will investigate and take care of the raw material supply chain, so that no shortage of raw material occurs at the company. Reference list: Adekola, A. and Sergi, B.S., 2016.Global business management: A cross-cultural perspective. Routledge. Akhtar, M. and Mittal, R.K., 2015. Implementation issues and their impact on strategic performance management system effectivenessan empirical study of Indian oil industry.Measuring Business Excellence,19(2), pp.71-82. Australianpaper.com.au. 2016. Australian made sustainable paper - Australian Paper. [online] Available at: https://www.australianpaper.com.au/ [Accessed 7 Sep. 2016]. Baggio, R., Czakon, W. and Mariani, M.M. eds., 2016.Managing tourism in a changing world: issues and cases. Routledge. Chua, W.F., Lowe, T. and Puxty, T. eds., 2015.Critical perspectives in management control. Springer. Kirton, G. and Greene, A.M., 2015.The dynamics of managing diversity: A critical approach. Routledge. Othman, S.N., 2016. The Value Chain of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Organic Rice of Rural Farms in Kedah.International Journal of Supply Chain Management. Peters, D., Low, J., Nyongesa, M., Quinn, S. and Parker, M., 2015. Sweetpotato value chain development in West Africa: matching products with farmer typology.Potato and sweetpotato in Africa: transforming the value chains for food and nutrition security, pp.498-507. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Sadiq, S. and Governatori, G., 2015. Managing regulatory compliance in business processes. InHandbook on Business Process Management 2(pp. 265-288). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Sutheewasinnon, P., Hoque, Z. and Nyamori, R.O., 2015. Development of a performance management system in the Thailand public sector: Isomorphism and the role and strategies of institutional entrepreneurs.Critical Perspectives on Accounting. Wellin, M., 2016.Managing the psychological contract: Using the personal deal to increase business performance. CRC Press.

The Characteristics of Air Pollution Essay Topics

The Characteristics of Air Pollution Essay Topics Vital Pieces of Air Pollution Essay Topics Restricting air travel is the sole approach to reduce air pollution. In conclusion, restricting air travel is not likely to increase air quality much because aeroplanes aren't the biggest polluters on Earth. It is a fact that air travel has gotten more affordable and popular recently. Inside my opinion, restricting air travel is not likely to get any true effect on air quality. Pollution is usually brought on by human actions, but may also be the effect of natural disasters. It is a process of contaminating the environment in a way that it becomes unsafe to use. It harms the Earth's environment and its inhabitants in many ways. It is a big problem to our health and the environment. Higher level of carbon dioxide will cause global warming. In the event the range of such vehicles and other pollution-causing agents rises, the pollution will also rise. Typical Types and Examples of Air Pollution There are a variety of kinds of pollution, mostly based on the sort and source of the pollutants. Like fertility, it is a complex matter. Since you may see, some of the ways we dispose of garbage bring about pollution. As its damage to human is growing, everyone now have to make an attempt to decrease the pollution before it's too late. It is rather common for rain water to have sulfuric acid because of rampant instances of air pollution in today's society. A great deal more important than natural disaster, the significant reason of air pollution is due to various human pursuits. For those causes of air pollution to be well articulated, it is very important to delve into the kinds of air pollutants. Some of the typical air pollution types incorporate the next. In summary, there is just so little you are able to do in order to stop or reduce air pollution generally. So How About Air Pollution Essay Topics? Air is really the most essential product of mother nature for each and every living thing. Air Pollution is among the larger reflections of man's habits, and a test we must overcome to observe a tomorrow. All over the world, it is increasing at an alarming pace and at the same time, it has a serious effect on the earth and human health, so more and more people are concerned about it. The Air Pollution Essay Topics Stories Air pollution is a problem of concern to the world. It is a common issue among large cities, anywhere in the world. It is a most serious problem of the current time all over the world especially in the large cities because of the huge level of industrialization. Thus, it is one of the contributors to the global warming. An important matter to note is they are 10 times dangerous than pollution brought on by diesel and petrol. To lessen air pollution, folks should take public transport or carpool to lessen vehicular smoke. A lot of people don't consider indoor air pollution as a prospective danger, which ma y be a lethal mistake. Natural occurrences like the eruption of a volcano and maybe even someone smoking a cigarette can also lead to air pollution. Lies You've Been Told About Air Pollution Essay Topics Despite the title, it has to capture two aspects where one contributes to the other. You must specify the kind of your customized essay on pollution, page count, formatting and style requirements, along with deadline. One of the most typical essay topics is the matter of environmental pollution. You should be proficient in the topic, have an overall idea about the chosen issue and can get the best arguments to show your thesis. Air Pollution Essay Topics - the Conspiracy Because of the growing number of air pollutants, it's been divided into two types like primary pollutants and secondary pollutants. Additionally, regional and urban pollutants might be as vital as near traffic pollutants. So it's important that we attempt to keep pollution to a minimum. Environmental poll ution takes place when pollutants contaminate the organic surroundings. Additional reduce the use of fossil fuels also can help to lessen the air pollution. In the same way, the pollutants that are messing up the air and increasing the amount of carbon dioxide is quite dangerous for people. After the air in the earth's atmosphere gets polluted by gases like CFCs or chlorofluorocarbons, ozone depletion is supposed to occur. At this time it feels like we're much more inclined to clean up aerosol pollution, while increasing the quantity of carbon dioxide in the air. The above cited incident is just one of the numerous instances of environmental degradation due to human beings. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. It may also describe the causes of the pollution problems. The 30-Second Trick for Air Pollution Essay Topics One of the serious requirements of students like you is to compose an essay on a particular topic. A good deal of the reasoning behind why there's no ideal number is mainly because not all them are registered. To get star ted writing your assignment you would want to run into an interesting and promising topic. More than that, the issue needs to be resolved on a worldwide level by the united efforts of the international community. As time passes, the Clean Air Act will continue to lessen air pollution, but it is going to take some time for a few of the Act's provisions to get their whole time impact. It provides us with oxygen that is essential for living. Pure air is essential for our wellness. Clean air is a simple precondition of our wellness.

How to Write an Admission Essay That Will Get You a Good Grader

How to Write an Admission Essay That Will Get You a Good GraderIf you want to write a very good admission essay, it is not as hard as it may seem. You can easily turn your writing skills into a great advantage in getting admission. Remember, if you are unsure how to write an admission essay, you can hire a professional to do the job for you. Most colleges and universities do not want to waste their time by giving out essays that are so bad that they do not get accepted.This makes your admission essay highly competitive, and it is therefore important that you make your essay stand out from all the others. It will then be easier for the admissions staff at the college or university to read your essay. They will want to see that you have the talent and ability to write an excellent essay.The first thing that you need to remember about good writing is that you need to be able to use proper grammar. When you are writing an essay, it is important that you are able to stick to the rules and structure of the English language. Make sure that all of your paragraphs are beginning sentences and that all of your sentences are complete. As much as possible, use proper punctuation.Now you are ready to write an admission essay about yourself. The first thing that you should try to think about when you are writing about yourself is what kind of person do you think you are? What does it feel like to be you?This will give you insight on what your personality is and also help you in making many different aspects of your personality shine through. What about you is interesting? How does your character change throughout the course of your life? These are questions that you need to answer in your essay.Look at your application carefully and find out if your essay can compliment the application itself. Is it too general to compliment the application, or does it complement the application?This is where you need to take control of the personal details, as well as the general rules and s tructure of the essay. This way, the application and essay compliment each other, and your character shine through.In order to make an essay as competitive as possible, you need to learn about many different types of essays. You can then use this knowledge in your writing, and your admissions essay will be one of the best that you have ever written.

What Is Orwells Purpose in Writing This Essay?

What Is Orwell's Purpose in Writing This Essay?Orwell's intention was to challenge the prejudices of his time. He hoped that by asking hard questions and challenging the power of language, he would provide an opportunity for social change. Reading 'Politics and the English Language' reminds us of the importance of intellectual freedom and the benefits of questioning power.Orwell's first major point is that words have their uses and, thus, by using words correctly, it can lead to the achievement of political goals. It is this freedom of speech that makes the world go round, rather than the words of a few people. After this introduction, he discusses how people feel about freedom of speech. He says that we are so used to thinking of freedom of speech as being essentially civil, it's easy to forget that the greatest advocate of freedom of speech is a dictator and the worst abuser of it is a king.In the first part of the essay, he considers the history of political systems. For him, ther e is a correlation between how a country views democracy and how well it functions. For example, he states that Germany was a democratic state at one time, but that eventually it gave way to tyranny under the rule of the Nazi Party.For example, in China, 'free expression' is considered 'bad word knowledge.' In the United States, however, Orwell states, 'Freedom of speech in some form exists for more purposes than in any other country I have ever seen.' This might explain why many Americans see freedom of speech as a fundamental right and never think about its limitations.The second part of the essay is not actually a part of the essay itself, but refers to his critique of the way language affects a person's state of mind. According to Orwell, an individual cannot truly think his way out of all social situations. People cannot choose their social environment but instead they are forced to take a position.The third part of 'Politics and the English Language' is a statement about how l anguage influences a person's thoughts. According to Orwell, people do not believe in themselves when they are speaking; rather, they believe what they hear or read is true. When we believe what we hear, rather than how we hear it, we are unable to think critically.In the final section of the essay, Orwell stresses the importance of educating a person's mind. Instead of knowing everything, it is important to educate oneself on the basics. He states that learning is a choice and that education is a means of ensuring that we are better able to choose.In his final essay, Orwell argues that education is the means by which an individual can succeed in life. Education is not just about filling up a lot of books with information but also about engaging in life. In order to succeed in this life, we must take risks, question authority, and learn from the experiences that we encounter throughout our lives.

A Review of Accelerated Math

A Review of Accelerated Math Accelerated Math is a popular math practice program for grades K-12. The program is designed to provide teachers with a supplemental tool that allows them to create personalized math practice lessons, differentiated instruction, and to track student progress closely. The program was developed by Renaissance Learning Inc., which has several other programs closely related to the Accelerated Math program. Accelerated Math is intended to be a supplemental educational tool. Teachers use their existing textbook for instruction and then build and create practice assignments for students to complete. Students can complete these assignments online or in paper/pencil format. Either option can give students instant feedback and provides teachers with more time for instruction as the program scores student work itself. Accelerated Math is essentially a four-step program. First, the teacher provides instruction on a specific topic. Then the teacher creates Accelerated Math assignments for each student that parallels the instruction. The student then completes the assignment receiving immediate feedback. Finally, the teacher through careful progress monitoring can differentiate each student’s instruction to build on their individual strengths and weaknesses. Key Components Accelerated Math Is Both Internet Based and Paper/Pencil Based Accelerated Math Live allows students to complete assignments online providing students and teachers with immediate feedback.Accelerated Math also provides teachers and students with a paper/pencil option. Students can print the assignments and provide answers on specific scannable paper. The student can then scan the assignment using an AccelScan scanner, Renaissance Responder, NEO 2, or Renaissance Home Connect. The assignment will be instantly scored providing students and teachers with immediate feedback.Being Internet based allows Renaissance Learning to provide automatic updates the program and to store key data on their servers. This is easier for the school’s IT team. Accelerated Math Is Individualized One of the best things about Accelerated Math is that it allows the teacher to dictate how the program is used. This includes the ability to provide students with lessons which align with current instruction as well as lessons intended to remediate gaps a particular student may have. A teacher may also create assignments which challenge students who may be advanced.Accelerated Math allows students to work at an individualized pace. Students who demonstrate mastery quickly can move on to another challenging assignment while those who struggle can be given the time to master the current assignment. Accelerated Math Set Up Is a Mixed Bag Students and teachers can be quickly added to the system either through large batch enrollment or individualized addition.Accelerated Math assignment book set up can be difficult and confusing. Fortunately, there is a quick tip manual for getting started and a help guide you can use along the way. It takes a series of steps before your students can use the program including creating objective lists, choosing the objective list for each class, creating groups, assigning objectives, and generating the first practice assignment. Accelerated Math Provides Flexibility Teachers choose what assignments they want their students to work on allowing them to align the program with their current curriculum and meet individual needs.The program allows teachers to specify the number of questions on each assignment for each student making them short, medium, or large assignments.Accelerated Math provides teachers with more time for whole group and small group instruction as well as one on one instruction by eliminating time-consuming grading. Accelerated Math Assesses Student Understanding Accelerated Math is designed to determine whether or not a student has mastered a specific skill or concept.There are five different types of assignments that teachers can assign to their students. Each type serves a different purpose and includes: Practice – Consists of multiple choice problems that check student understanding of specific learning objectives.Exercise – A type of practice activity used to reinforce and support objectives covered in a daily lesson.Test – A student will be allowed to take a test when they answer enough practice problems correctly.Diagnostic – Useful when you need to identify specific areas in which a student is struggling. Also allows students to take a test on objectives without meeting the practice criteria first.Extended Response – Provides students with challenging problems that promote higher order thinking skills and advanced problem-solving. The program provides students and teachers with immediate feedback directing the teacher to provide intervention when necessary and allowing those students who master a concept to move to another. Accelerated Math Provides Students and Teachers With Resources Every student has access to in program resources designed to assist in student understanding. The resources include a comprehensive math glossary and work examples tied to each individual learning objective for which the student is attempting to complete.Every teacher has access to tons of resources designed aid in the successful implementation of the program on a daily basis. These include guides on how to get started, how to advance your implementation, forms and charts, and much more. Accelerated Math Is Aligned to the Common Core State Standards Accelerated Math has studied and aligned their program to the Common Core State Standards. The math content libraries in the Accelerated Math program were designed to meet the requirements of the Common Core. Accelerated Math Provides Teachers With Tons of Reports Accelerate Math has about two dozen fully customizable reports. These include diagnostic reports, mastery reports, goal history reports, objective lists, parent reports, and several more. Teachers can use the reports to guide their instruction and meet their students’ needs. Accelerated Math Provides Schools With Technical Support Accelerated Math allows you to receive automatic software updates and upgrades.Accelerated Math provides live chat support to answer questions and provide immediate resolution to any issues or problems you have with the program.Accelerated Math provides software and data hosting. Cost Accelerated Math does not publish their overall cost for the program. However, each subscription is sold for a one-time school fee plus an annual subscription cost per student. There are several other factors that will determine the final cost of the programming including the length of the subscription and how many other Renaissance Learning programs your school has. Research To date, there have been ninety-nine research studies including eighty-nine independent studies that support the overall effectiveness of the Accelerated Math program. The consensus of these studies is that Accelerated Math is fully supported by scientifically based research. In addition, these studies concur that the Accelerated Math program is an effective tool for boosting students’ mathematics achievement. Overall Accelerated Math is a solid supplemental mathematics program that teachers can use on a daily basis in their classroom. The combination of online and traditional types can effectively meet each classroom’s individual needs. The alignment to the Common Core State Standards is another welcome progression. The biggest downside of the program is that it takes multiple steps to set up the program. These steps can be confusing but this can be overcome with professional development training and/or the setup guides offered by the program. Overall Accelerated Math gets four out of five stars because the program has evolved into a terrific supplemental program that can be easily implemented into any classroom and support ongoing instruction.

Good Essay Topics On Argumentative

Good Essay Topics On ArgumentativeGood essay topics are like vegetables: you only eat a small piece and you will die if you eat it every day. The more you eat, the less you'll enjoy it. Essay topics in your classes will be like apples and oranges. They both have similar taste and appeal but some of them taste better than others.Subject choice is important in writing. Essay topics which can have a strong argument (argumentative essays) or topics that can be treated as short opinion pieces (opinion-based essays) or topic choices that do not have much argument at all (essay-less essays)But you must also take into account what you're writing about. If you want to write an argumentative essay, you might as well go for that.For argumentative topics, you can choose between debate topics, summary topics, and other types of topics. You can also choose between political vs. social issues or socio-economic vs. personal topic. It's up to you. Personally, I prefer to write an essay topic that is based on a wide range of opinions.Summary and debate topics can have the same subject if you focus on a few parts of it. However, if you want to discuss something much more comprehensive, then go for a topic with more sub-topics. You can have a single topic for the whole article.As for the other types of topic, you can choose from more than one topic if you try to keep the theme consistent. To illustrate: you can have an essay topic with economic topics and one with topics that deal with real life. There are topics that deal with subjects like a memorial service for a person who passed away, a movie review or a discussion on politics. You can have the same topic even if the topic differs.So, you should always try to keep in mind what the topic is. This will enable you to achieve success in your essay writing career.

Understanding Indifference Curves and How to Plot Them

Understanding Indifference Curves and How to Plot Them In order to understand the highs and lows of production or consumption of goods or services, one can use an indifference curve to demonstrate consumer or producer preferences within the limitations of a budget.   Indifference curves  represent a series of scenarios wherein factors like worker productivity or consumer demand is matched against different economic goods, services, or productions, between which an individual in the market would theoretically be indifferent regardless of which scenario he or she  takes part. It is important in constructing an indifference curve to first understand the factors that vary in any given curve and how those affect the indifference of the consumer in that given scenario. Indifference curves operate on a variety of assumptions, including that no two indifference curves ever intersect and that the curve is convex to its origin. Understanding the Mechanics of Indifference Curves Essentially, indifference curves exist in economics  to determine the best choice of goods or services for a consumer given that particular consumers income and investment capital, wherein the optimal point on an indifference curve is where it correlates with the consumers budget restraints. Indifference curves also rely on other core principles of microeconomics including individual choice, marginal utility theory, income and substitution  effects, and the subjective theory of value, according to Investopedia, where all other means remain stable unless charted on an indifference curve themselves. This reliance on core principles allows for the curve to truly express the levels of satisfaction of a consumer for any good, or the level of production for a producer, within a given budget, but again must also take into account that they could be oversimplifying a markets demand for a good or service; the results of an indifference curve should not be taken as a direct reflection of the real demand for that good or service. Constructing an Indifference Curve Indifference curves are plotted on a graph according to a system of equations, and according to Investopedia, Standard indifference curve analysis operates on a simple two-dimensional graph. One kind of economic good is placed on each axis. Indifference curves are drawn based on the consumers presumed indifference. If more resources become available, or if the consumers income rises, higher indifference curves are possible – or curves that are farther away from the origin. That means that when constructing an indifference curve map, one must place one good on the X-axis and one on the Y-axis, with the curve representing indifference for the consumer wherein any points that fall above this curve would be optimal while those below would be inferior and the entire graph exists within the confines of the consumers ability (income) to purchase those goods. In order to construct these, one must simply input a set of data - for instance, a consumers satisfaction with getting x-number of toy cars and x-number of toy soldiers while shopping - across this moving graph, determining the points by what is available for purchase given the consumers income.